![]() Researchers refer to these areas as secondary forests. However, they also inhabit forested areas that have grown in from abandoned farms and agricultural areas. This species lives primarily in tropical rainforest. The IUCN lists the species as Endangered. Habitat destruction also poses a dire threat their survival as well. ![]() The military in the region also hunts these primates and shoots them for fun. Like chimps, people hunt Bonobos as bushmeat. Endangered Animals – Sadly, human activity threatens the survival of this species.As many as 100 individuals can make up a single overnight group. Group Structure – Though smaller groups break off during the day to feed, when these primates return to the trees to sleep, they congregate in large numbers.However, they do display aggression in some situations. While chimpanzees tend to react with extreme aggression towards other troops, Bonobos avoid conflict. Aggression – When compared to chimps, researchers find that this species shows considerably less aggressive behavior.When compared to their closest relatives, this species spends much more time breeding and researchers believe that they use mating behavior to create social bonds. Social Behavior – One of the primarily studied features of this species is their mating behavior.Learn about some of the many things that make these primates so unique below. Humans have frequently focused their research and studies on this highly intelligent creature. This species also has longer rear legs than chimps do, and walks on its hind legs more frequently. The hair on the tops of their heads is longer than that of a chimp. They also both lack hair on most of their faces, and the palms of their hands and feet.īonobos have dark skin on their faces, some hair on their cheeks, and pink skin on their lips. Both species have coarse, black hair, long arms, and muscular bodies. These findings support the conclusion that bonobo and chimpanzee brains differ in the anatomical organization of socio-emotional systems that may reflect species-specific variation in behavior.Īmygdala Bonobo Chimpanzee Microstructure Neuropil Social cognition Von Economo neurons.At a glance, this species looks quite similar to the chimpanzee. However, we did not find a difference in the numbers of VENs between the two species. In support of this hypothesis, we found that bonobos had significantly greater neuropil in the central and accessory basal nuclei of the amygdala, as well as layers V-VI of the subgenual ACC. We predicted that the neuropil fraction and number of VENs in brain regions associated with socio-emotional processing would be higher in bonobos. In the dorsal ACC and frontoinsular cortex (FI) we also quantified numbers of von Economo neurons (VENs), a unique subset of neurons thought to be involved in rapid information processing during social interactions. In bonobos and chimpanzees, we compared neuropil fractions in the nucleus accumbens (NAc core and shell), amygdala (whole, accessory basal, basal, central and lateral nuclei), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC dorsal and subgenual), anterior insular cortex (AIC), and primary motor cortex (M1). To elucidate the potential neuroanatomical variation that accompanies these differences, we examined the microstructure of selected brain areas by quantifying the neuropil fraction, a measure of the relative tissue area occupied by structural elements of connectivity (e.g., dendrites, axons, and synapses) versus cell bodies. For instance, studies indicate that chimpanzees are more aggressive, territorial, and risk-taking, while bonobos exhibit greater social tolerance and higher rates of socio-sexual interactions. Despite being closely related, bonobos and chimpanzees exhibit several behavioral differences.
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